Vital Data of India

Largest State - Rajasthan 342,239 Sq km


Smallest State - Goa 3,702 Sq km

Largest Union Territory - Andaman & Nicobar Islands 8,249 Sq km

Smallest Union Territory - Lakshadweep 32 Sq km

Largest District - Kachchh (Gujarat) 45,652 Sq km

Smallest District - Mahe ( Pondicherry ) 9 Sq km


Area of India : 3,287,240 Sq km.


Administrative Divisions :

No. of States - 28


No. of Union Territories - 7

No. of Districts - 593

No. of Sub-districts - 5,463

No. of CD Blocks - 3,799

No. of Urban Agglomerations / Towns - 4,378

No. of Urban Agglomerations - 384

No. of Towns - 5,161

No. of Inhabited Villages - 593,731

No. of Uninhabited Villages - 44,656


Population :
 
Persons - 1,028,737,436


Males - 532,223,090

Females - 496,514,346

Highest / Lowest Population :


State with Highest Population - Uttar Pradesh 166,197,921

State with Lowest Population - Sikkim 540,851

UT with Highest Population - Delhi 13,850,507

UT with Lowest Population - Lakshadweep 60,650

District with Highest Population - Medinipur (West Bengal) 9,610,788

District with Lowest Population - Yanam (Pondicherry) 31,394

 
 
Population Density : (Persons / Sq. Km)


India - 325

State with Highest Population Density - West Bengal 903

State with Lowest Population Density - Arunachal Pradesh 13

UT with Highest Population Density - Delhi 9,340

UT with Lowest Population Density - Andaman & Nicobar Islands 43

District with Highest Population Density - North East (Delhi) 29,468

District with Lowest Population Density - Lahul & Spiti (Himachal Pradesh) 2

 
Rural - Urban Distribution of population


Rural - 742,490,639 (72.2%)

Urban - 286,119,689 (27.8%)

State with highest proportion of Urban Population - Goa (49.76)

State with lowest proportion of Urban Population - Himachal Pradesh (9.30)

UT with highest proportion of Urban Population - Delhi (93.18)

UT with lowest proportion of Urban Population - Dadra & Nagar Haveli (22.89)

 
Sex Ratio : (Females per 1000 males)
 
 
India - 933


Rural - 946

Urban - 900

State with Highest Female Sex Ratio - Kerala 1,058

State with Lowest Female Sex Ratio - Haryana 861

UT with Highest Female Sex Ratio - Pondicherry 1,001

UT with Lowest Female Sex Ratio - Daman & Diu 710

District with Highest Female Sex Ratio - Mahe (Pondicherry) 1,147

District with Lowest Female Sex Ratio - Daman (Daman & Diu) 591

 

Capricorn Woman(22nd December to 20th January)

Capricorn Woman(22nd December to 20th January)

It is very difficult to define the characteristics profile of a Capricorn girl exactly. She can be the sexy babe on the beach or a scientist sitting in the laboratory, doing experiments that can save mankind. Whatever she is on the outside, when you look inside you will find a girl who looks for security, authority, respect and position. It is an entirely different matter how she seeks to achieve these goals. It may be as the president of a country or as the wife of an ambitious man. She seeks recognition and it doesn't matter how she gets it.

A Capricorn female is like that goat, which has to reach the top of the mountain. It doesn't matter what position she starts and how slowly she walks, she will be at the top much before those, who were running in front of her. She will do it with such subtlety that you wouldn't even know when she crossed all the milestones. She has her aims and ambitions, but they don't come before her family. She can enjoy the role of a wife or a mother as much as that of the CEO of the biggest MNC. However, you will have to provide her with equivalent respect and security.

Almost all the Capricorn women have immaculate etiquettes. They have an inherent sense of social elegance, modesty and conventional look. Though she looks completely calm, composed and balanced, don't think she doesn't have mood swings. She can become really depressed if she thinks that someone has misjudged or ill-treated her. In such a case, she may brood for months at a time. This stems from the fact that she does not feel as secure as she seems to be and fears being ridiculed or laughed at.

It is advisable not to tease a Capricorn girl; she may take it too literally. Though she may pretend otherwise, she seeks as much compliments as the other girls, probably even more. Show her that you appreciate her and make her feel secure. It will help her in opening up and showing her deliberately controlled passion. A Capricorn girl's personality doesn't include the trait of wishful thinking. She sees only those dreams that can be converted into reality. She enters a boat only when she knows that the waters are safe.

She will emphasize heavily on social etiquettes and you never see her serving the guests in anything but crystal cutlery. There will always be something fresh about her beauty and she will never ever be unattractive, even when she is wearing those hair-curlers. A Capricorn female will appear to be extremely confident, but inside she is quite unsure about her appearance. You will have to reassurance her time and again that she is attractive. She will always be honest and will expect the same from you.

At the same time, you will have to respect her family. Remember when you marry a Capricorn woman; you marry her family and relatives too. If ever you criticize her family members, better ensure that the criticism is constructive or she will never forgive you. Her love for you will never prevent her from taking care of her family. The plus point of this attitude is that she will be equally considerate towards your family too and give them the same respect as her own fellows. She will never mind if you cancel your holiday trip to pay for dad's operation.

The home of a Capricorn female will always be sparkling clean, that to with effortless ease. She is a realist and daydreaming is not her idea of passing the time. She has the ability to make even the dullest of surroundings looks warm and attractive, with her earthly passion. She will never stop you from dreaming, as long as there is bread in the house and the dreams have atleast some chances of turning into reality. As a mother, she will teach the kids discipline, economy, practicality, etiquettes and respect for elders. Make her feel loved, protected, needed and cared for and in return, she will support you in realizing your dreams and give you a deep, lasting love!

Virgo Woman(24rd August to 23rd September)

Virgo Woman(24rd August to 23rd September)

One thing you need to know about a Virgo woman - she has guts and lots of them! It doesn't mean that she is not as shy and as reserved as she seems to be. It's just that she can do anything and everything for the people she loves. By love, she mean real love, no other type of love exists for her. A Virgo female is a complete woman! She has all the charms and tricks that any other female has, but she is not weak. Infact, she has quite a determination and can do anything if she sets her mind to it.

She will be completely devoted and loyal to you in a relationship. Still, if it doesn't seems to be working, she will severe all the ties and become as cold as the North Pole. Virgo women's characteristics profile is an odd mix of emotions and practicality, romance and common sense. When they fall in love, they show such extreme passion and intensity that only few other women can. Making them fall in love is, however, an entirely different task. They will demand total perfection from you, even though they may fall short in that arena.

It's better to get used to their critical nature. A Virgo girl believes that she is extremely efficient and organized and what is more annoying is, that she is right. She is a stickler for time and it's better not to be late when you are meeting her. She will not break the new, expensive vase when she is upset, but she can be very demanding and fussy. If the fault is yours, admit that you are wrong and say it while handing her the flowers. Don't even try to argue, or she will lose her temper again.

It is better to leave her alone for sometime and she will cool again. On the other hand, a Virgo woman will find it very hard to accept that she is wrong. The fact is, most of the time she's not. When you are courting her as well as after you get married, it is advisable to mind your manners. She cannot tolerate someone using abusive language, coming late, dressing sloppily, not minding table manners, etc. It's better to brush up your vocabulary too. She will not cling to you, nor will she become totally aloof.

She is also very good with finances and extravagance is not one of her personality traits. A Virgo female cannot stand public displays of affection and it is better to be subtle in this area. Her taste is very good and her intellect quite developed. If you are trying to woo her, take her to places like theatre, art gallery, etc. Just like a typical Virgo, she is prone to worrying about things too much and she will do your part of the job too. She is very much attached to the ground and prefers to live in the real world.

You let a Virgo female do her part of making things seem just perfect and she will keep you entertained with all her feminine charms. She is very sensitive and her feelings are pretty fragile, but she will become exceedingly strong when you need her support. With kids, she will be very considerate and you will never see them running around in their underclothes. She will gentle, but firm and will demand complete discipline from them. Even though a Virgo woman is very critical, she will not take criticism very nicely. It never works the other way round for her.

The reason for this is that she is as aware of her own imperfections as she is of yours. So, she doesn't need you to remind her of her own shortcomings every now and then. Instead of fretting over her perfectionism, you should feel blessed to have such a charming female who never makes your house look like a garbage dump. Your toast will never get burnt and your coffee will always taste just perfect. She has a witty side too and when she laughs, it seems like the ringing of little bells, doesn't it!

Taurus Woman(21st April to 21st May)

Taurus Woman(21st April to 21st May)

When you come across a Taurus female, the first thing you will notice about her is her undefeatable emotional strength. She is capable of handling the severest of problems, without shedding even a single tear. She has the infamous Taurus temper, but it is seldom displayed. Atleast not until the provocation is too much to digest. She is as feminine as any other female, without the unnecessary tantrums. A Taurus woman has no desire of dominating her husband. She will let him handle the reins, infact this is what she secretly desires.

A Taurus woman wants a real man, who can make her proud of himself as much as she is proud of herself. However, if he fails in his role, she will take the control in her own hands. Neither will she act like a mewing kitten, nor like a roaring lioness. She is independent and has a mind of her own, but she does not want to dominate in the relationship. Taurean women do not see social status while making their friends. They want to be friends with people who do not hide their true nature and come across as they really are.

Their friends may be a little weird, but they will not be phonies or hypocrites. A Taurus girl doesn't fight with people she dislikes, she simply ignores them and becomes indifferent to their presence. However, she will be loyal to her true friends and they will remain with her throughout her life. In return, she will expect them to stand by her when she needs them. A Taurean woman also gets jealous, but only if you exceed the limits of casual flirtation. Everything has a limit and this also does. It's better not to provoke her anger or you will be very sorry.

She is brainy, but not too much interested in intellectual subjects. She is practical in her thinking and does not feel the need to indulge in mental gymnastics. She is balanced in her approach and you will hardly see her in a restless disposition. A Taurean girl hates anything artificial, be the flowers in her vase or the friends in her life. She has to feel the fragrance of real roses and the presence of real people. The beauty of Mother Nature especially pleases her.

Ugliness of any kind makes her miserable and repulsive. She loves to be amidst colorful surroundings, like gardens blooming with flowers. A Taurean female has a good taste, so please be very careful before taking her out. She is a very good cook herself and you will always be treated to excellent homemade food. She is also very much interested in the art forms, like painting. She is a tomboy at heart and will enjoy many guy-things like horse riding, going on a roller coaster ride, fishing, etc.

All this makes her feel close to nature. She dresses simply, yet elegantly and her fabrics are always feather-soft. Taurus female is very strong and above the usual female insecurities. However, she demands loyalty and will never compromise in this area. She is beyond hypocrisy and has an undemanding and easy-going manner. She wants her man to take her side, especially in public. If he contradicts her in front of other people, expect the temperature to reach beyond the boiling point.

When pushed too far, she loses her cool demeanor quickly. Taurus women make excellent mothers, except for the fact that they cannot tolerate disobedience or defiance in kids. Laziness and carelessness also makes them angry. Otherwise, they will be more of a friend to their children than the typical mommies. A Taurus woman will also teach the kids how to be strong and will protect them from the big bad outside world. She never shirks from or whines about her responsibilities. Her man will be expected to do the same.

She can also bear endless pain and stress, without complaining for a single minute. She is good with finances and knows how to maintain quality in a reasonable budget. She is a very good host and will be there to help her man in any and every way she can. A Taurean woman will care for you when you are ill, will back you in your new business venture and let you take over the control of the home. And, you will always be treated to a warm, cozy home when you come back from office!

Pisces Woman(20th February to 20th March)

Pisces Woman(20th February to 20th March)

A Pisces female is full of womanly charms and at the very first glance, she will look like the girl every guy falls in love with. She looks totally vulnerable, very different from the modern, liberated girl of today. Almost every guy feels like taking her in his arms and protecting her from the big bad world. She is one of those women who stand behind their husbands and support them in every way they can. A Piscean female will never try to dominate her husband. Rather she will like it if you do the usual gallant gestures, like holding the door for her. She wants her man to love her, protect her and take good care of her. She will lean on him completely, showing full confidence in his strength and abilities. This acts like a solid ego boost to almost every male. She will always be a patient listener, with whom you can share all your secret dreams, desires and hopes. She doesn't have a single masculine streak in her and if you are looking for the typical womanly traits, then Pisces girl is the one for you. She is totally feminine, in all the seasons and at all the places. She can sit adoringly with you, admiring your each and every quality. The warmth of her personality makes most the men relax in an instant and bask in the glory of their manhood. Enough for the initial falling in and courtship period! Now comes the time of marriage and life after that. A Pisces woman nags just like all the other women and she has a bad temper too. In her fury, she can turn bitterly sarcastic. The consolation here is that she is gentle for more periods, than she is nudging and prodding. Infact, majority of the time, she will be yielding, wistful and all womanly. Her scathing tongue will become loose once in a while only. In case you have found the opposite characteristics profile in a Piscean woman, chances are that she suffered extremely harsh treatment at a very young age and the bitterness will be a result of that trauma only. She has certain subtleness around her and may also become a little deceptive at times. She is not mean; it's just that she feels like keeping certain things to herself only. Then, the deceptiveness also helps her in keeping you interested in her. A Pisces female is very sentimental and even slightly harsh words can cause her to cry hours at end. You can easily imagine what will happen when you really hurt her feelings. She may imagine herself to totally worthless and incapable of the fighting spirit to survive. Then, you will have to assure her that she is appreciated for her great wisdom, empathy and vast understanding. You know that whatever you are saying is true; it's just a matter of convincing her about the same. You will have to remove her doubts about herself or she may become too closeted in self-defense. A Pisces girl is very shy, emotional and vulnerable. To protect her susceptibility, she often wears a cloak of wittiness, frigidity and independence. She is afraid of exposing her true self, lest people hurt her in the process. She is a true romantic and secretly yearns for a person who will love her, cuddle her, hug her and make her feel loved and protected. As a mother she may be too permissive and find it difficult to teach discipline. You may have to teach her the fine balance between controlling and pampering. A Piscean female will sacrifice her own dreams to realize the hopes of her children. She may not be good with finances, but will manage to save money if the situation so desires. She will remember the smallest incidents of your life, so you better remember her birthday and your anniversary. She may become dreamy once in a while, but then she will always be there with you, without being asked to. She is someone you will want to take care of, throughout your life!

Aquarius Woman(21st January to 19th February)

Aquarius Woman(21st January to 19th February)

Inconsistency and confusion describe the characteristics profile of an Aquarius female. The same goes for her love life too. She is very loyal, but at the same time, she is also a little detached and not extremely emotional. She will be committed and remain faithful too, but do not try to bind her. Let her enjoy her freedom and in return, she will come back to you when she gets tired of her expeditions. Her dreams are very different from that of a normal female and she hums a different tune, which most of us have not even heard of. An Aquarian female is like a butterfly, which sits on every flower, but belongs to none. She loves her freedom and if you can accept this, she will love you even more. Within her boundless limits, her love will also be limitless. Position and power matter to her more than money and bank balance. If you want her to fall in love with you, be true and honest, not only to others, but also to yourself. You don't need to follow her rules. You can form your own code of ethics, but be sure to live by them. Passion is not one of the personality traits of Aquarian girl. Rather, her love will be subtle and unassuming. She is intense, but may prefer to be platonic most of the time. Hosting as well as attending parties comes naturally to her and she will always be a social delight. She will trust you completely and will not be unduly suspicious of your activities. You will also not be bothered by too much jealousy or possessiveness on her part. Her trust arises from the fact that before committing, she had dissected your behavior under a microscope. Only after being convinced of your integrity did she take the next step. Still, if you become unfaithful to her, she will be extremely hurt and is likely to remember the wound for a long time. With an Aquarian female, out of sight means out of mind too. So, make sure to be around here always. She has a very strong will power. If she thinks the relationship is not working and has no chances of improving also, she will break it right away; though doing so may tear her heart into two pieces. Like every Aquarian, she will remember her first love throughout her life. It's no use getting upset, better be the first love in her life. She will never ever be dishonest in a relationship and even if she indulges in an extra-marital affair, it will end before it even started. She will always try to know your deepest thoughts and secrets, but her own dreams will be beyond your reach. Conversing with an Aquarian female is usually a delight because of her charming manners. Her mind is quite unpredictable and you will find it hard keeping track. She will live in the present, then suddenly be wistful about yesterday and then, become enthusiastic about tomorrow. She may talk about fairies one day and discard elves as humbug, the other. Never look down on her or she might never look upto you. She respects you and will expect the same in return. As mothers, Aquarian women tend to be very loving and caring. Though in the beginning, they may be a little nervous about the whole idea of motherhood. But once they become comfortable with it, it will come to them naturally. An Aquarius female may find it difficult to express her love in the form of hugs and kisses and you will have to teach her that. She will never overburden the kids with protection.At the same time, she will always be a patient listener to their childhood and adolescent problems. Teaching them discipline will also be your responsibility. However, for all this to happen you will have to convince her to get married and this certainly isn't an easy job. You will also have to teach her romance, since expressing emotions does not come too easily to her. She will happily hold your hand and walk besides you, but don't expect her to gaze into your eyes for hours at a stretch. Don't smother your Aquarian girl with too much closeness, she needs her space and will give you, yours too. Things like suspicion, possessiveness, chauvinism and criticism turn her off. Just be nice to her odd bunch of friends and she will warmly welcome yours into the house. Make use of her intuition and insight, it may help you in solving a problem or two. It may seem like wishful thinking now, but then, remember she looks in the future. Hold her hand and she will let you see the future too, where both of you are cozily living together!

Group II - 2003 Paper

Group II – 2003 General Studies

1)The largest ground-nut producer in the world is
1. India 2 Sudan 3. Brazil 4. China
2.)Which nation possesses the largest cattle population in the world?
1.U.S.A 2. Australia 3. India 4. Denmark
3. )The largest producer of fish in the world is
1. China 2. Japan 3. U.S.A 4. Norway
4. )Which country is the leading producer of cement in the world?
1. India 2. USA 3. Britain 4. Japan
5. )Whlch countries are separated by the McMahon Line?
1. India and Pakistan 2. China and Tibet
3. India and China 4. India and Bangladesh
6. )Soil erosion in India occurs in almost all the states, but it is especially serious
along the coast of
1.Kerala 2. Tamil Nadu 3. Orissa 4. Karnataka
7. )What is the ideal temperature for the cultivation of wheat?
1. 200C to 250C 2. 150C to 20OC
3.100C to 150C 4. 250C to 30OC
8. )Which state is the leading producer of coconuts In India?
1. Assam 2 Kerala 3 Tamil Nadu 4 Karnataka
9.)Whlch state has the largest area under canal irrigation in terms of total acreage
1 Uttar Pradesh 2. Haryana 3. Bengal 4. Punjab
10.)Whlch state has the maximum length roads?
1 Madhya Pradesh 2. Bihar 3. Maharashtra 4. Punjab
11 . )The first postal stamp of India was released in 1837. Where was it released?
1.Karachi 2. Bombay 3 Dhaka 4. Rangoon
12.) In which state has the petro-chemical industry developed most in India?
1 West Bengal 2.Bihar 3. Gujarat 4. Tamil Nadu
13.) What percentage of the total population of the world lives in Asia?
1. About 30% 2. About 45% 3. About 55% 4. About 65%
14.) Which is the substance obtained on a commercial scale from sea water, besides
Sodium chloride?
1. Radium 2. Iodine 3. Thorium 4. Manganese
15.) In South-East Asia, the highest population density is found in
1. Vietnam 2. Cambodia 3. Malaysia 4 Indonesia
16.) India borrowed the idea of Directive Principles of State Policy from the
constitution of
1. The Weimer Republic of Germany 2. The Republic of Ireland
3. South Africa 4 None of the above.
17.) The Preamble to the Indian Constitution reads
1.We, the people people of India, adopt, enact and give to India this
Constitution
2.We, the members of the constituent Assembly adopt, enact and give to
ourselves this constitution.
3. We, the citizens of India adopt, enact and give ourselves this Constitution
4. We, the people of India in our Constituent Assembly, adopt, enact and give
to ourselves this Constitution.
18.) The ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity enshrined in the Preamble of the
constitution of India were adopted under the inspiration of
1. The French Revolution 2. The Russian Revolution
3. The American declaration of Independence 4. The U.N.O. Charter
19.)Which of the following is a vector quantity?
1. Mass 2. Time 3. Volume 4.Velocity
20.) Mechanical energy can be converted into
1. Light energy 2. Heat Energy 3. Electrical Energy 4. All the above
21.) The working of rockets is based on the principle of
1. Electricity 2. Kepler's law
3. Newton's law 4. Conservation of Momentum
22.) The most abundantly found metal in the human body is
1. Iron 2. Sodium 3. Calcium 4. Magnesium
23.) The vitamin responsible for blood clotting is
1. A 2. B12 3. C 4. K
24.) The hormone which regulates blood pressure is
1. Thyroxine 2. Insulin 3. Pituitrin 4. Adrenaline
25.) The study of fungi is called
1. Genetics 2. Mycology 3. Algae 4. Physiology
26.)Virus is a
1. Protein 2. Carbohydrate 3. Nucleus 4. Nucleoprotein
27.) Cancer is caused
1. Virus 2. Bacteria 3. Fungi 4. Algae
28.) Which one of the following is a sedentary animal?
1. Cobra 2. Cow 3. Horse 4. Sponge
29.) Red blood cells are formed in
1. The Thyroid 2. The Adrenal 3. Bone Marrow 4. Thymus
30.) Whales belong to the class
1. Mammalia 2. Reptilla 3. Fishes 4. Amphibia



31.)Rabies is caused by
1. The bite of a dog 2. The bite of mosquito
3. Deficiency of Vitamin B1 and Bl2 .
4. Deficiency of calcium
32. )Alexander defeated Porus in the battle of
1. Pushkalavathi 2.Taxila 3. Hydapses 4. Rajgriha
33.) English education in India was introduced by
1. Lord Curzon 2.Jawaharlal Nehru
3. Lord Macaulay 4. Lord Dalhousie
34.) The Crown took over the Government of India by
1. The Charter Act of 1833 2. The Act of 1858
3. The Indian Council Act of 1861 4. Pitt's India Act 1784
35.) Jallianwalla Bagh firing took place in
1. Delhi 2. Calcutta 3. Bombay 4. Amritsar
36.) Who said ''Swaraj is my birthright?
1. Gandhiji 2. Tilak 3. Pandit Nehru 4. S.C. Bose
37.)The Taj Mahal was built by
1. Jahangir 2. Akbar 3. Shershah 4. Shahjahan
38.) Who was the Prime Minister of England when the Indian Independence Act
was passed?
1. Attlee 2. Churchill 3. Macmillan 4. Lloyd George
39.) The name 'Pakistan' was coined by
1. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan 2. Mohammad Ali Jinnah
3. Mohammad Iqbal 4. Azad
40.) The Cabinet Mission was sent to India
1. To suppress communal riots
2. To determine the boundaries of India and Pakistan
3. To find a solution to the constitutional problem
4. To preach Christianity in India
41.) Who was the last Governor General of India?
1. Rajaji 2. Lord Mounbatten 3. Rajendra Prasad 4. Mavlankar
42.) Who is known as 'Deshbandhu'?
1. Narendfa Dev 2. Pandit Nehru 3. C.R.Das 4. Gokhale
43.) The location of a place is determined by
1. The noon at the place 2. The night at the place
3. Evening 4. None of the above
44.) The southern super continent is called
1. Angara land 2. Gondwana land 3.Africa 4. None of the above
45.) Terra rossa is a type of
1. lake 2. Coral 3. Soil 4. Fish
46.) The Earth's circumference measures
1. 40,000 km 2. 32,000' km 3.24,000km 4.48,000km
47.)Among the planets of the solar system, in terms of size, the earth is the
1. 4th largest planet 2. 2nd largest planet
3. 6th largest planet 4. 5th largest planet
48.) Socialist patterned comes through
1. Free economy 2. Mixed economy 3. Public sector 4. Private sector
49.) Which one of the following is not a feature of a developing economy
1. High rate of unemployment 2. High rate of population growth
3. High rate of capital formation 4. Widespread poverty
50.) In recent years, the Indian Economy has been characterized as a
1. Developed economy 2. Developing economy
3. Backward economy 4. Stagnant economy
51. )'Subsidies' means
1. Payment by Government for purchase of goods and services
2. Payment by the business sector to factors of production
3. Payment by shareholders
4. Payment by Government to the business sector
52.) The ''tertiary sector'' of an economy refers to
1. Agriculture 2. Industrial sector
3. Service sector 4. Social sector
53.) Expenditure of defence is an item of
1. Public investment 2. Private investment
3. Private consumption 4. Public consumption
54.) The Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution was headed by
1. B.N.Rau 2. Dr. B.R.Ambedkar
3. K.M.Munshi 4. Dr. Rajendra Prasad
55.) A jet engine works according to the princlple of
1. Mass 2. Energy 3. Linear Momentum 4.Angular Momentum
56.) A liquid metal is
1. Mercury 2. Aluminum 3. Sodium 4. Cadmium
57.) Baking soda is
1. Sodium carbonate 2. Sodium Bicarbonate
3. Calcium carbonate 4. Sodium Thiosulfate
58.)The gas used in the fire extinguishers is
1. Carbon monoxide 2. Carbon dioxide
3. Hydrogen 4. Sulphur Dioxide
59.) Vinegar is
1 . Picric acid 2. Oxalic Acid 3.Acetic Acid 4.Carbolic Acid

60.) Algae come under the division
1. Thallophyta 2. Bryophyta
3. Pteridophyta 4. Gymnosperm
61.) Riccia is commonly called
1. Moss 2. Green mold 3. Livers wort 4. Smut
62.) Transpiration through leaves is called
1. Stomatal transpiration 2. Circular Transpiration
3. Lenticular transpiration 4. Guttation
63. ) Copper is a
1. Micro-nutrient 2. Macro-nutrient 3. Tracer Element 4. Cation
64. ) The enzyme present in human saliva is
1. Ranin 2.Protease 3. Amylase 4. Lipase
65. ) Haemoglobin is a/an
1. Enzyme 2. Sugar 3. Lipid 4. Protein in the RBC
66.) Which one of the following is excreted in urine normally?
1. Sugar 2. Creatin 3. Protein 4. Fat
67.) Malaria is caused by the parasite
1 . Mosquito 2. Plasmodium 3. Entamoeba 4. Trypanosoma
68.) The Hindu ruler who defeated Mohammad of Ghori was
1 . Prithvi raj 2. Jayachandra 3. Lalitaditya 4.Vidyadhara
69.) Din-i-illahi was
1. an idea 2. Akbar’s religion 3. A mosque 4. Aurangzebs policy
70.) The Swaraj Party was formed by
1.C.R.DaS 2. Pandit Nehru 3.Gandhiji 4. S.C. Bose
71.) The first Indian National Congress session was held at
1. Madras 2. Delhi 3. Bombay 4. Calcutta
72.) The Home Rule League of Annie Besant was founded in 1916 at.
1. Bombay 2. Calcutta 3. Madras 4. Delhi
73.) Sandy desert is known also as
1. Erg 2. Reg 3. Drumlin 4. Serir
74.) Doldrum is
1. Low pressure belt 2. High pressure belt
3. No pressure belt 4. Cyclonic belt
75.) Which local wild is known as 'the doctor'?
1 Bora 2. Simon 3. Harmattan 4 Chinook
76.) India is the largest producer of
1. Rice 2. Groundnut 3. Cotton 4.Tobacco
77.) Lake Volta is a part of
1.Ghana 2. Burki na Faso 3. Ivory Coast 4. Toga

78.) Which of the following is the cause of inequalities of income?
1. Unemployment 2. Depression in industry
3. concentration of economic power 4. Difference in standard of living
79.) Disguised unemployment refers to
1. Persons with no Jobs
2. More persons employed for a Job, which a few can accomplish
3. Unemployment of women
4. Unemployment of people above 60 years
80.) Inflation is caused by
1. Increase in money supply 2. Decrease In population
3. Decrease in production 4. (1) and (3)
81.) The creation of a joint sector was recommended by the
1. Raj Committee 2. New Industrial Policy
3. Dutta Committee 4. Hazari Committee
82.) In India, the largest number of workers are employed in the
1. Sugar Industry 2. Iron and Steel Industry
3. Cotton and Textile 4. Jute Industry
83.) Which of the following is not a basic industry?
1. iron and Steel 2. Fertilizers 3. Paper 4. Cement
84.) Which of the following is the most important source of revenue for the states
in India?
1. Sales tax 2. Customs duties 3. Land revenue 4. Profession tax 85. Which of the following taxes is the largest source of revenue for the
Government of India?
1. Excise duties 2. Corporation taxes 3. Customs duties 4. Income tax
86.) The largest rice producing state in India is
1. West Bengal 2. Kerala 3. Uttar Pradesh 4. Bihar
87.) The Indian Constitution came into force on
1. November 26, 1949 2. August 25, 1945
3. August 15, 1947 4. January, 26, 1950
88.) How many states are there in India?
1. Fifteen 2. Twenty-one 3. Twenty-five 4. Twenty-eght
89.) The right to freedom is contained in Article
1. Sixteen 2. Nineteen 3. Twenty-three 4. Twenty-five
90.) The maximum strength of the Rajya sighs is
1.238 2.250 3.280 4.300
91.) The tenure of the Indian President is
1. Two years 2. Four years 3. Five years 4. Six years
92.) Who is the Presiding officer of the meeting of the Council of ministers in a
state?
1. The Chief Minister 2. The Governor
3. The Speaker 4. The Chief Justice
9 3.) lf the Supreme Court Judges want to retire before the expiry of their term, to whom do they have to address their resignation?
1. The President 2. The Chief Justice of India
3. The Prime Minister 4. The Law Minister
9 4.) What is the retiring age of High Court Judges?
1. 58 years 2. 60 years 3. 62 years 4. 65 years
95.) The Constitution of India describes India as a
1. Voluntary Federation 2. Confederation
3. Union if States 4. Federation
96.) Who appoints the Chief Minister of a State?
1. The Governor 2. The Speaker
3. The President of India 4. The Governor in consultation with the Speaker
97.) The length of a rectangular field is 21m longer than its breadth.
If the area of the field is 196 m2, then the length of the field is
1.22m 2. 28m 3.32m 4.161n
98.) If A: B = 2:3 and C : B 3:4 then A: C is
1. 2:3 2. 2:4 3. 8:9 4. 9:8
99.) The sum of the first five odd numbers is
1 . 1 5 2. 25 3. 16 4 . 1 8
100.) Who is the Chairman of the 12th Finance Commission of India?
1. A.M. Khusro 2. Dr. V. k Desai
3. Dr. C.Rangarajan 4. P R. Panchmukhi
101.) The Chairman of the National Commisslon on Human Rights is
1. Justice MR. Varma 2. Justice Anand
3. Justice YR.Krishna Ayyer 4. Justice Jayachandra Reddy
102 .) How many Schedules are there at present in the Indian Constitution?
1. 9 2. 10 3. 11 4. 12
103.) The provision of employment to all comes under
1. Fundamental Rights
2. Directive Principles of State Policy
3. Preamble '
4. None of the above
104 .) Secularism envisages
1. No religion 2. Equal status for all religions
3. A reticular religion of a state 4. None of the above
105 . )Who is the guardian of Fundamental Rights in India?
1, The President 2. The Prime Minister
3. The Parliament 4. The Supreme Court and the High Court
106 .) Fundamental Duties of the Indian Citizens are included in
1. The Preamble 2. Part II of the Constitution
3. Part IV of the Constitution 4. Part IV-A of the Constitution
107.) The authority to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights rests
1. All the Courts of India 2. The Parliament
3. The Supreme Court 4. The President of India
108.) How many members are nominated to the Rajya Sabha by the President?
1.1/4th of its total members 2.Two members
3. Ten members 4. Twelve members
109.) Who is the Presiding Officer of the Rajya Sabha?
1. The President 2. The Vice-President
3. The Speaker 4. The Deputy Speaker
110.) The passage of a money bill may be delayed by the Rajya Sabha for a
maximum period of
1. 10 days 2. 14 days 3. 15 days 4. One month
111.) In India, the Council of Ministers collectively responsible to
1. The Parliament 2. The Lok Sabha
3. The Rajya Sabha 4. None of the above
112.) All disputes regarding the election of the President are decided by
1. The Supreme Court 2. The Parliament
3. The Election Commission 4. None of the above
113.) A man goes 150m due east and then 200 m due north. The distance of the
man from the starting point is
1.300 m 2.250 m 3.350 m 4.275 m
114.) The number of rational numbers between 2 and 5 is
1.One 2 . Two 3. Infinite 4. None of the above
115.) The highest common factor of 25 and 35 is
1. One 2. 5 3. 7 4. 25
116.) The number of prime numbers between 10 and 20 is
1. 4 2. 5 3.6 4.7
117.) India's first Gramin Cyber Centre was launched in
1. Tamil Nadu 2. A.P. 3. Madhya Pradesh 4. Karnataka
118.) The first Dalit chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh was
1. D. Sanjeevaiah 2. S.K. Sinde 3. Rajamallu 4. K.Ranga Rao
119.) The richest Indian in india is
1. Mukesh Ambani 2. Anil Ambani
3. Azim Premji 4. Narayana Murthy
120. ) The winner of the Femina Miss India Contest, 2003 is
1. Ms. Nikita Anand 2. Ms. Ami Vashi
3. Ms. Swetha Vijaya 4. Ms. Priyanka Chopra
121.) The Ceat International Cricketer of the Year Award, 2002 has been
presented to
1. S.Tendulkar 2. M-Muralitharan 3. Andy Flower 4.S.Fleming
122.) The Ceat International Batsman of the Year 2002
1. S.Tendulkar 2. S.Jayasurya 3.S.Fleming 4. S.Ganguly
123.) The Gandhi Peace Prize for 2002 has been awarded to
1. The Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan 2. Nelson Mandela
3. Colin Powell 4. Kofi Annan
124 .) Who is the new Chief Minister of Meghalaya?
1. Gangaram 2. Ramalinga Rama Rao 3. Vidya Stokes 4. D.D.Lapang
125.) Who is the new Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh?
1. Veerabhadra Singh 2. Vldya Stokes 3. D Singh 4. D.D.Lapang
126.) The six-day World Economic Forum 2003 was held in
1.Switzerland 2.The Netherlands 3. Poland 4. France
127.) Who is the Chairman of the U.N.O Human Rights Commission?
l.A.Sharon 2. N A. Hajjaji 3 Klran Bedi 4. Robinson
128.) What is 'cheap'money’?
1. When money loses its value money 2. Unearned money
3.When money loses its Value because of inflation
4. When credit becomes easily available from banks
129.) The largest known crude oil reserves are in
1. Iraq 2. U A E 3. USA 4. Saudi Arabia
130.) Which Article of the Indian Constitution empowers the president to pardon
the sentence of a convicted person?
1 Artlcle 62 2 Artlcle 63 3 Article 70 4. Article 72
131.) The 'poverty line' is determined by
1. Per capita Intake (calories) 2. Income of the family
3. General health 4. Housing and clothing facilities
132.) The scrript used by the lndus Valley Civlllzation?
1. Has not yet been developed 2. Was the Vedic language
3. Was depicted through pictures and diagrams 4. None of these
133.) Who were the immediate successors of the Mauryas in Magadha?
1. Tushans 2. Pandyas 3. Satavahanas 4. Sungas
134.) Painting in the Mughal period was at its peak during the reign of
1. Jhahangir 2. Akbar 3. Shahjahan 4. Aurangzeb





135.) The Sultan who made a successful attempt to free himself from the control
of the ulemas was
1.Balban 2. Allauddin 3. Firoz Shah 4. Jalaluddin
136.) The first five year plan adopted the
1. Lewis-Fei model 2. Mahalanobis model
3. Harrod-Domar model 4. Keynesian model
137.) Select disinvestment of public sector enterprises as an objective was
included for the first time in the
1. 4th Plan 2. 7th Plan 3. 8th Plan 4.9th Plan
138.) Use of energy requirements (calorie) as a measure of poverty in India was
made for the first time by
1. Dandekar and Rath 2. Amartya Sen
3. Planning Commission 4. T.N.Srinivasan
139.) NABARD'S primary role is to
1. Provide term loans to Cooperatives
2. Assist State governments for the share capital contribution
3. Act as a re-finance institution
4. All of the above
140.) The Indian institution that has filed more patents than all the individual
patents put together in India is
1.CSIR 2. ICAR 3.AIIM 4. DRDO
141.) Which of the following agencies does not finance local bodies for
infrastructural development?
1. LIC 2. HUDCO 3. CRISIL 4. ILFS
142.) Aggregate measure of support (AMS) in the context of WTO refers to the
1. Minimum support price guaranteed to the farmers
2. Quantum of subsidy given to the agricultural sector
3. Issue price of paddy and wheat
4. Insurance cover for crops
143.) Trickle Down Theory of Development holds that
1. Global prosperity spreads to the domestic economy
2. Development spreads downward through more demand for labour
3. Rate of growth of taxation is not related to economic growth rate
4. None of the above
144.) Discomfort Index is a/an
1. Combination of longevity and literacy
2. Combination of standard of living and health indicators
3. Index of cost of living
4. Composition of annual inflation and unemployment rate

145.) Corbett National Park is in
1. Bihar 2. Madhya Pradesh
3. Uttar Pradesh 4. Himachal Pradesh
146.) Which state produces the bulk of natural rubber produced in India?
1. Tamil Nadu 2. Karnataka
3. Kerala 4. Andhra Pradesh
147.) Which National Highway (NH) connects Agra and Mumbai?
1.NHI 2.NH7 3.NH4 4.NH5
148.) Which, among the following, is the most abundant element in sea-water?
1. Sodium 2. Chlorine 3. Iodine 4. Potassium
149.) Which of the following major sea ports of India does not have a
natural harbour?
1. Mumbai 2. Cochin 3. Marmagao 4. Paradeep
150. ) Which of the following natural regions is known as ‘the bread basket of the
world’?
1. The Steppe region 2. The Mediterranean region
3. The Monsoon region 4. The Equatorial region





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Group1 Final Selection List for SCs

Please Scroll down....

Scs Selection List

S.No	Hall ticket No.	Marks	Gender	Zone	POST
1.	11801517	514	Female	3	DC
2.	11860036	502	Female	2	DC
2.	11809574	502	Male	4	DC
4.	11860163	488	Male	4	DSP
5.	11845134	480	Female	6	DC
6.	11810729	473	Female	4	CTO
7.	11838952	469	Female	4	ACL
8.	11817620	468	Female	6	DSP
8.	11608972	468	Male	5	CTO
10.	11835535	467	Female	2	CTO
11.	11836829	462	Male	3	AES
12.	11841180	459	Female	5	CTO
13.	10706697	457	Male	3	Dt.Registrar
13.	10410940	457	Male	2	AAO(Zone-2)
15.	10900758	455	Female	3	CTO
15.	11859589	455	Male	6	DSP
17.	11828943	454	Male	3	NO
17.	10506109	454	Male	2	AAO(Zone-5)
19.	11600924	450	Male	5	DSP
19.	10407827	450	Male	2	NO
21.	10700353	449	Male	1	NO
22.	11802686	448	Male	2	DSP
23.	10704593	447	Male	3	DSP
24.	10603399	445	Male	2	DSP
24.	11831504	445	Male	2	DSP
26.	10406093	444	Male	2	NO
26.	11802224	444	Female	4	DSP
28.	11818768	443	Female	Non Local	Dt.Registrar
29.	10604827	442	Male	2	NO
29.	11702750	442	Male	5	DFO
29.	11816709	442	Male	6	AAO(Zone-6)
32.	10604986	440	Female	2	AAO(Zone-4)
32.	11862216	440	Male	5	DFO
32.	11806891	440	Male	5	NO
32.	11823072	440	Male	6	NO
32.	11840343	440	Male	3	NO
37.	11824557	439	Female	2	NO
38.	10504754	438	Male	5	NO
39.	11802703	437	Male	6	NO
39.	11801049	437	Female	1	NO
39.	11812547	437	Female	4	NO
42.	11809076	435	Male	4	AAO(Zone-4)
42.	11856490	435	Male	6	NO
44.	11852039	434	Male	4	NO
45.	11843603	433	Female	6	NO
46.	11827793	432	Female	3	NO
46.	11846879	432	Male	6	NO
46.	11828537	432	Male	3	NO
46.	10705723	432	Male	3	NO
50.	11834212	431	Female	6	NO
50.	11847239	431	Male	6	NO
52.	11700270	428	Female	5	NO
53.	11860117	427	Male	5	NO
53.	11837610	427	Female	2	NO
55.	11854490	426	Male	6	NO
56.	11814666	425	Female	6	NO
57.	11851603	424	Male	3	NO
58.	10403076	423	Female	2	NO
59.	11863719	422	Female	6	NO
59.	11839507	422	Female	6	NO
61.	11847151	420	Female	6	NO
62.	11841210	419	Female	3	NO
63.	11861294	416	Female	6	NO
64.	11842612	411	Female	2	NO
65.	11827378	404	Female	2	NO
--.	10202714	503	Male	1	DC
--.	11845955	448	Female	1	DSP
--.	10608106	444	Male	2	NO

Group1 Merit List for BC-B Category

Please scroll down....

BC(B) Merit List

S.No.	Hall Ticket No.	Marks	Gender	Zone
1.	11105286	526	M	4
2.	11003509	504	M	3
3.	11505123	502	M	5
4.	10601190	501	F	2
5.	11828064	499	M	2
6.	10206921	494	M	1
7.	11610250	491	M	5
8.	11852098	490	M	6
9.	11820188	489	M	5
10.	11831521	488	M	5
10.	11609869	488	M	5
12.	11818864	487	M	5
12.	12202615	487	M	6
14.	11823601	486	M	1
15.	11200755	482	M	4
16.	10104402	481	M	1
17.	11201093	480	F	4
18.	12201999	478	M	6
19.	11602939	477	M	6
19.	11827617	477	M	5
21.	11812072	474	M	1
22.	11850439	473	M	6
23.	11200452	472	M	4
24.	11810494	470	F	6
25.	11816136	468	M	5
25.	11502849	468	M	5
27.	11855368	467	M	6
28.	10101721	466	F	2
28.	10904389	466	M	3
28.	11828519	466	M	6
30.	10205113	465	F	1
31.	10301856	462	M	1
31.	11306061	462	M	4
33.	11818232	461	F	4
33.	11851596	461	M	6
35.	11824426	459	M	1
36.	11857345	458	F	6
37.	10901780	457	M	3
38.	10800887	456	M	3
38.	10201964	456	F	1
40.	11855813	455	F	6
40.	11507379	455	M	5
41.	10100383	455	F	1
43.	11601681	453	M	5
44.	11839122	449	M	1
45.	11863649	447	F	6
46.	11848816	446	F	4
47.	11846842	445	F	4
48.	11503059	439	F	5
49.	11811831	437	M	5
50.	11802850	436	M	3
50.	11808154	436	F	4
52.	11857081	435	F	5
53.	10207725	433	M	1
54.	11505539	431	M	5
54.	10203880	431	F	1
56.	11801453	430	F	6
57.	10601011	428	F	4
58.	10900161	427	F	6
59.	11820788	403	F	5

Group1 List of Withheld Candidates

With held

S.No.	Hall Ticket No.
1.	10608106
2.	10901051
3.	11102702
4.	10202714
5.	10608553
6.	11103435
7.	11204605
8.	11817319
9.	11604782
10.	11805533
11.	11814629
12.	11856938
13.	11864724
14.	11903390
15.	11845216
16.	11845955
17.	11854638
18.	11903388

Group1 Merit List for ST Category

Please sroll down......

ST Merit List

S.No.	Hall Ticket No.	Marks	Gender	Zone
1.	11839784	527	M	1
2.	11839725	487	F	5
3.	11853738	475	M	1
4.	11837325	471	M	5
5.	11833434	465	M	6
6.	10210931	464	M	2
7.	11817812	458	M	6
8.	11839202	447	M	3
9.	11831114	446	M	1
10.	12003282	444	F	6
11.	11305452	440	M	4
12.	11604517	439	M	5
12.	11862697	439	M	4
14.	11822001	433	F	4
14.	11831415	433	M	6
16.	10702506	430	M	3
17.	11825065	428	M	3
18.	10600559	421	M	5
19.	11821987	419	F	6
20.	11604793	409	F	5
21.	11859344	407	M	5
22.	10205636	402	F	1
23.	10706933	397	M	3
24.	11817936	363	M	1

Group1 Merit List for BC-A Category

Please scroll down.....

BC(A) Merit List

S.No.	Hall Ticket No.	Marks	Gender	Zone
1.	11845959	543	M	4
2.	10211081	497	M	1
3.	10103504	490	F	1
4.	11840561	489	M	6
5.	11804685	482	M	4
6.	11820762	477	M	1
6.	10704568	477	M	3
8.	10102875	476	M	1
9.	10603875	469	M	1
10.	11007938	466	M	4
11.	11831246	465	M	3
12.	11300319	461	M	4
13.	11808206	460	M	6
14.	10211088	459	F	1
14.	10102840	459	M	1
16.	10211905	455	M	1
16.	10901859	455	M	1
18.	10200304	451	F	1
18.	11822277	451	M	6
20.	10505871	450	M	2
20.	10103001	450	M	1
22.	11202901	448	F	4
23.	11858348	447	F	1
24.	11801588	446	M	6
25.	10205493	444	F	1
26.	11844308	441	M	5
27.	11307931	437	M	4
27.	11837378	437	M	5
29.	10709068	435	M	6
30.	11825497	433	M	4
31.	11845247	431	F	5
31.	10701452	431	F	3
33.	10104268	425	M	1
33.	11853004	425	M	6
33.	11857426	425	F	6
36.	11856481	423	F	2
37.	11835051	415	F	2
38.	10708553	383	F	2

Group1 Merit List for BC-E Category

BC(E) Merit List

S.No.	Hall Ticket No.	Marks	Gender	Zone
1.	11816136	468	Male	5
2.	11834915	462	Female	6
3.	10902461	458	Male	3
4.	11818683	452	Male	5
5.	10505866	446	Male	2
6.	10503552	433	Female	2
7.	10208648	422	Female	6
7.	11304512	422	Male	4
9.	10408113	416	Male	2
10.	11301045	413	Male	4
11.	11301577	406	Female	4
12.	11304469	405	Male	2
13.	11818690	399	Male	2
14.	11826840	394	Male	4
15.	11703136	371	Female	5

Group1 Merit List for BC-C Category

BC(C) Merit List

S.No.	Hall Ticket No.	Marks	Gender	Zone
1.	10603573	519	Male	5
2.	12003956	505	Female	6
3.	11853861	461	Male	2
4.	11836051	449	Male	3
5.	11813272	448	Male	6
6.	10602439	440	Male	2
7.	11849912	437	Female	6

Group1 Merit List for SCs

Please Scroll down....

Scs Merit List

S.No	Hall ticket No.	Marks	Gender	Zone
1.	11801517	514	Female	3
2.	11860036	502	Female	2
2.	11809574	502	Male	4
4.	11860163	488	Male	4
5.	11845134	480	Female	6
6.	11810729	473	Female	4
7.	11838952	469	Female	4
8.	11817620	468	Female	6
8.	11608972	468	Male	5
10.	11835535	467	Female	2
11.	11836829	462	Male	3
12.	11841180	459	Female	5
13.	10706697	457	Male	3
13.	10410940	457	Male	2
15.	10900758	455	Female	3
15.	11859589	455	Male	6
17.	11828943	454	Male	3
17.	10506109	454	Male	2
19.	11600924	450	Male	5
19.	10407827	450	Male	2
21.	10700353	449	Male	1
22.	11802686	448	Male	2
23.	10704593	447	Male	3
24.	10603399	445	Male	2
24.	11831504	445	Male	2
26.	10406093	444	Male	2
26.	11802224	444	Female	4
28.	11818768	443	Female	Non Local
29.	10604827	442	Male	2
29.	11702750	442	Male	5
29.	11816709	442	Male	6
32.	10604986	440	Female	2
32.	11862216	440	Male	5
32.	11806891	440	Male	5
32.	11823072	440	Male	6
32.	11840343	440	Male	3
37.	11824557	439	Female	2
38.	10504754	438	Male	5
39.	11802703	437	Male	6
39.	11801049	437	Female	1
39.	11812547	437	Female	4
42.	11809076	435	Male	4
42.	11856490	435	Male	6
44.	11852039	434	Male	4
45.	11843603	433	Female	6
46.	11827793	432	Female	3
46.	11846879	432	Male	6
46.	11828537	432	Male	3
46.	10705723	432	Male	3
50.	11834212	431	Female	6
50.	11847239	431	Male	6
52.	11700270	428	Female	5
53.	11860117	427	Male	5
53.	11837610	427	Female	2
55.	11854490	426	Male	6
56.	11814666	425	Female	6
57.	11851603	424	Male	3
58.	10403076	423	Female	2
59.	11863719	422	Female	6
59.	11839507	422	Female	6
61.	11847151	420	Female	6
62.	11841210	419	Female	3
63.	11861294	416	Female	6
64.	11842612	411	Female	2
65.	11827378	404	Female	2

Group1 Merit List

The Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission has released the list of Register Numbers showing the total marks for 825 obtained by the candidates who have attended the interview for recruitment to the posts falling under Group-1 Services on 11th of June 2009.

Here is the list of candidates belonging to various categories arranged according to merit. This is only to give an idea to the candidates regarding their overall position in this specific category and is based on the list released by the APPSC. This should not be considered an official publication. I have prepared this list for the benefit of people who cannot go to Hyderabad to see the official list. You may refer to the official list released by the APPSC for furthur clarifications.

For merit list in SC category CLICK HERE

Qualities of Good Money

Anything can be used as money as long is accepted by the society. But there are certain qualities which make money 'good', that is to say, easily accepteable to the government.

Acceptability: The article which is used as money should be acceptable by the people. It has to act as a common nedium of exchange, so it needs to be accepted by the people who will be using it for their day-to-day activities.

Portability: The article should be portable. It is convenient to carry paper notes than a bag of rice. High value in a small bulk is preferred in an article to be used as money.

Cognisability: The article should have some distinct characteristics so that it can easily be recognised as money.

Homogeneity: The article to be used as money should be such that it can be divided into exact fractions or multiples without any waste (or) difficulty. Similarly the smaller parts should be capable of integration into bigger parts.

Durability: Money should be durable. If if fails to withstand the roughness of long use, it cannot be a good money because the holder of it may have to incur losses due to its depreciated value.

Stability: The artcle should be the one whose value cannot be easily manipulated by anyone. Even the monetary authority should be guided by rules so that it cannot manipulate its supply imprudently.

Types of Money

Money can be classified into many categories

Commodity Money: Primitive money which consisted of commodities like rice, wheat, cattle and so on.

Metallic Money: In course of time pieces of gold, silver, copper or bronze came to be used as money. Inthe beginning, the value of metallic money in exchange was equal to their intrinsic value (i.e, the value of their metallic content). Metallic money can be divided into two types, Full-bodied coins and token coins. The coins of which the valuein exchange was equal to their intrinsic value are full-bodied coins. Coins which do not contain metal worth their value in exchange are called token coins (or) token money. The value of exchange is greater than it's intrinsic value.

Currency: The word "Currency" is used to indicate the coins and paper notes (paper money) collectively.

Paper Money: Paper money refers to the bank notes and government notes which are used as money. The circulation of paper money began as a substitute for metallic money. It represented a certain quantity of gold (or) silver. Later on, paper notes acquired the charecteristics of token money, being generally acceptable without reference to their metallic equivalent.

Representative Money: Paper notes and token coins which are freely convertable at a fixed rate into fully-bodied coins or equivalent bullion (gold, silver etc.) are collectively known as 'representative money'.This type of money was adopted in India in 1927 when rupee notes and coins were freely convertable into gold.

Fiat Money: When notes and coins are not fully convertable into full bodied money or bullion, but are generally acceptable on the basis of government decree (order or fiat), they are known as fiat money.

Unlimited legal tender: Money which is decreed by government to be legal tender to an unlimited extent is known as unlimited legal tender. Creditors are bound to accept payment in such money to an unlimited extent. In India, the rupee notes and coins are unlimited legal tender.

Limited legal tender: When notes and coins are legal tender only to a limited extent, they are known as limited legal tender. In India, coins below one rupee are limited legal tender.

Optional Money: Notes and instruments such as bills of exchange, cheques, promisary notes are often accepted in discharge of debts and obligations although they are not legal tender. Their acceptance is based on the mutual consent of the parties involved.

Bank Money: Bank deposits which are withdrawable by cheques are included under Bank Money. Banks create deposits when they extend credit to individuals and business firms. These deposits are also included in the category of Bank Money.

Credit Money: The amount of Bank credit extended individuals and business houses are held by them inthe form of bank deposits. These deposits are withdrawable by cheque just like primary deposits made by depositors. This part of bank money is known as 'Credit Money'.

Money

The fundamental function of money in an economic system is to facilitate the exchange of goods and services & to lessen the time and effort required to carry out trade.

Primitive trade was carried out by Barter Sustem and it is seen in some places even today. Pure barter is so wasteful of time and effort that little trade would be feasible if if this is the only available method of exchange. There are various disadvantages in barter system, to name a few,

• The lack of any common unit in terms of which to measure and state the values of goods and services.


• The lack of a double coincidence of wants, which means that to trade in a barter system A should have a good which is wanted by B and also A should want the good which is with B.


• The lack of any satisfactory unit in terms of which one can write contracts requiring future payments.


• The lack of any method of storing generalised purchasing power. The stored commodity may deteriorate in value or it's storage may be difficult.

FUNCTIONS OF MONEY

Money serves two Specific functions and two derivative functions.

Specific functions : 1. a unit of value 2. a medium of exchange
Derivative functions: 1. a standard of deferred payments 2. a store of value


MONEY AS A UNIT OF VALUE :

Money serves as a unit in terms of which the value of all goods anf services can be measured and expressed. This simplifies accounting. Assests, liabilities, income and expenditure of all kinds can be stated in terms of money.

MONEY AS A MEDIUM OF EXCHANGE :

All goods and services are traded with other goods and services with money acting as the intermediary. This reminds us of the primitive barter syste, the only modification being the addition of money as the intermediary. This gives the bearer a great advantage of choosing on which goods and services to spend his money.

MONEY AS A STANDARD OF DEFERRED PAYMENT:

Modern economic systems require the existence of a large volume of contracts for the payment of principle and interests on debts in which future payments are calculated and stated in monetary units.

MONEY AS A STORE OF VALUE :

Money is a good store of value which overcomes all the disadvantages that are faced in barter.

Money also serves an important function in the modern system of production. The organiser of a business or a firm uses money for the purchase of raw materials and to pay wages to the workers. Money is his working capital. Without money the modern methods of production cannot be carried out.

Prehistory of India

Prehistoric Age is that phase in the development of mankind when man had not started keeping written records while Protohistoric Age is that phase in the development of mankind of which we get written records but are undeciphered.

Prehistory:

1. Paleolithic Age
2. Mesolithic Age
3. Neolithic Age
4. Chalcolithic Age

The earliest traces of human existence in India, so far discovered, goes back to the second interglacial period between 4,00,000 BC and 2,00,000 BC. Homo sapiens first appeared around 36,000 BC.

ANCIENT INDIAN CIVILIZATION:

Early man lived in India 5,00,000 years ago.

PALEOLITHIC PERIOD (3,40,000 BC- 30,000 BC):
Stone tool which was mainly used is Hand Axe. Main stone used is Quartz. Hence, Paleolithic culture is also called Quartzite Culture. Paleolithic Period can be divided into 3 phases,
1. Lower Paleolithic (3,40,000 BC- 2,20,000 BC) - Homonid sp.
2. Middle Paleolithic ( 2,20,000 BC- 1,20,000 BC) - Homo eructus.
3. Upper Paleolithic (1,20,000 BC - 30,000 BC) - Homo sapien.

Lower Paleolithic Habitations: The earliest habitation in South Asia is Himalayan Area, around 3,00,00 and 1,20,000 years ago. Soan Valley in West Pakistan ( Soan is a tributory of Indus). Flake industry found here is called Late Soan. The first hand axe industry was located at Attirampakam, near Chennai. Paintings of the Paleolithic Period can be seen in Bhimbetka Hills in Madhya Pradesh ans Belan Valley in Uttar Pradesh and Borra Caves in Andhra Pradesh. Flint was commonly used as it is hard but flakes easily.


Middle Paleolithic Habitations: Marked regional variations in the fleke industry.Navasa in Maharashtra. Types of tools - Points, Borers, Scrapers and nodules. These tools were mainly made from chert and Jasper. Chert and Jasper are selicious rocks.

Upper Paleolithic Period: Blade and Burin Industry is typical of this period. Widely distributed in A.P., Karnataka, M.P., Maharashtra. Other tools - Scrapers, Points, Borers, Bored Stones - made of Quartzite or Siliceous rock. For the first time tools made of Bone appeared in India. For the first time, the earliest recognisable art and ornamentation appeared. Rock paintings of Bhimbetka caves, Adamgarh Hill and bone figurine found in Belan Valley are a few examples.

MESOLITHIC PERIOD (30,000 BC- 10,000 BC): Tools are called microliths (2.5cm in length). Tool types - Trapezes, Triangles, Lunates. Man started taming dogs, sheep and goat. Man started settled life during this period.Microliths were discovered at Birbhanpur in Damodar Valley (Bihar), Tirunalvelly district in Tamilnadu, Godavari Valley in A.P.,and Langhnaj in Gujarat. Human skeletons and bones of animals like deers and buffaloes were found at Langhnaj. Bow and arrow are used for the first time. Animal skin is used for clothing.

NEOLITHIC PERIOD (10,000 BC - 4,500 BC):

Man started cultivation of food. Man, thus, became a food producer. Agriculture became the basis for civilization. Zericho Village in Jordan Valley is considered to be the earliest village settlement with agriculture (7,000 BC). Agriculture first started near Nile river in Egypt. Crops which entered India through Central Asia are Wheat and Barley. Tools - Axes, Adzes, Chisels. Vessels made of wood have been used. Needles, rings and earrings were prepared from bones. Figures of women were made with unburnt clay. Man learnt using wheel and making pottery with it. They knew weaving of cloth. They even knew ship building.

Sites - 1. Brahmagiri 2. Sanganakallu 3. Utnur 4. Tekkalkota 5. Maski

They domesticated sheep and began making garments of wool.
Other Neolithic sites - Burzahom and Gofkral near Kashmir.
Burzahom - Pit dwelling and Double burial system.
Gofkral - No pottery - aceramic Neolithic civilization.
For the first time in the world, pots were made at Chopani Mando in U.P.
For the first time rice was cultivated at Mehargarh (U.P.), Adhampur (U.P.).
Tools made of bones - Chirand (Bihar)
Domestication of animals was absent in Assam.
In south India maximum number of neolithic sites were seen in Karnataka - T.Narsipur, Hosur, Takkalikota, Bhagalkot, Kopparai.
In A.P. - Utnur (Adilabad) and Nagarjunakonda (Guntur).
TamilNadu - Payampalli
In south India ashmounds have been discoveres which are an evidence of the extensive cultivation. South Indians were the first to cultivate rice. In the west - Mehrghar is a neolithic site situated near Baluchistan in Pakistan. The neolithic culture which lasted for the maximum period is Mehrghar. Mehrghar had trsde with Mesapatomian civilization and was thus indirectly responsible for Indus Valley Civilization.
First metal discovered by man was Copper.

COPPER AGE (4,500 BC - 2,500 BC):

Towns and cities started developing. A constitutional systyem has come to being. Script has started. Certain stone tools were used along with metal tools, hence copper age is also called Chalcolithic Age. Indus Valley in India remained as a major center for significant copper age.

Gandhara Art

One of the greatest contributions of Buddhism was the impetus it gave to the development of art & architecture. Two schools of Art known as the Amaravati (in Andhra) and Gandhara ( in North Western India) developed.

The Gandhara region extending from Punjab to the borders of Afghanistan was an important center for Mahayana Buddhism upto 5th Centur AD. A new school of Indian sculpture known as the Gandhara school developed during that period. All kinds of foreign influences like Persian, Greek, Roman, Saka and Kushana were imbibed into it.

The origin of Gandhara art can be traced to the Greek rulers of Bactria and North West India. During the reign of Kanishka, this art recieved great patronage. Buddhist monastries, stupas, images of Buddha and Bodhisatvas were constructed on a large scale. The Gandhara school of Art is also known as the Graeco-Buddhist school of Art since Greek techniques of Art were applied to Buddhist subjects. The art was essentially Indian in spirit but the technique was borrowed from Greek.

The most important contribuion of the Gandhara school of Art was the evolution of an image of Buddha. But the figures of the Buddhist pantheon were modelled on identical charecters Graeco-Roman pantheon. Their dress was also designed in the style of a Roman toga. The sages of the Indian tradition like Yakshas, Garudas, Nagas and Vajrapani were modelled after Atlantes, Zeus, Eros. It is famously said, " the Gandhara artist had the hand of a Greek and the heart of an Indian".


Technique:

Gandhara school had the following outstanding technical charecteristics which distinguished it from other Indian schools.

1. The facial and physiognomical features have striking resemblence with those of Greece and Rome. Wavy hair, transperency of the drapery show unmistakable hellinistic influence.
2. Gandhara Art paid minute attention to moulding human body in a realistic manner, especially the muscles and moustaches.
3. Gandhara sculptures are richly carved with ornaments.

Best specimens of Gandhara art are from Jaulianand Dharmarajika Stupa at Taxila, and Haddar near Jalalabad. Apart from sculpture, Gandhara art is visible in architecture. Ruins of Buddhist structures in the vicinity of Peshawar, Rawalpindi and valley of Swat testify to the excellence of Gandhara architecture. Gandhara architecture continued to flourish even 2 centuries after the Kushan period. In the 4th Century AD, the Chinese pilgrim Fahian noticed a large number of monasteries in Gandhara region.

The barbarious Hunas under the leadership of Mihirgula destroyed nearly 1,600 stupas. After this fatal blow, Gandhara art virtually disappeared.

Buddhism

Gautama, a contemporary of Mahavira, was the founder of Buddhism.

Gautama Buddha:

• He was born in 566 BC.
• He was born at Lumbini village near Kapilavastu in Nepal.
• Father - Suddhodhana, the King of Kapilavastu.
• Mother - Mayadevi, also called Mahamaya, died 7 days after Gautama's birth.
• Step mother - Prajapati Gautami, sister of Mayadevi.
• Wife - Yasodhara.
• Son - Rahula.
• Family Name - Gautama.
• Original Name - Siddhartha
• At the age of 29, he left home and started his career as a wondering seeker of truth. This was the Great Renunciation.
• For 6 years, he spent his life as an ascetic and took instructions from two brahmin teachers.
• He visited places like Rajagriha and Hruvela near Gaya.
• While he was sitting under a pipal tree at Bodh-Gaya, he attained Bodhi-illumination (or) enlightment.
• He realised that great peace is within one's heart and one must seek it there. This is known as Great Enlightment. Since then Gautama became Buddha, 'the enlighted one'.
• He gave his first religious discourse at Deer Park in Sarnath near Banaras and 5 people joined him to become his first disciples. This event is known as 'Dharma Chakra Pravarthana'.
• He preached for 45 years in Bihar and adjoining areas.
• He died in 486 BC at the age of 80 years at Kusinagara in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh.

Teachings of Buddha:

He taught 4 noble truths (Arya satyani),

1. There is suffering in life.
2. This suffering has a cause.
3. This suffering can be removed by destroying its cause.
4. The cause of suffering can be destroyed by following the eight fold path (Astangamarga).

The Astangamarga consists of,

1. Right Views
2. Right Aspirations
3. Right Speech
4. Right Conduct
5. Right livlihood
6. Right Effort
7. Right mindedness
8. Right Contemplation

By following the astangamarga, one attains nirvana (or) liberation. Nirvana literally means blowing out the desire for existence. It is freedom from rebirth.

Buddha also laid emphasis on ahimsa. He stressed the point of the spirit of love than mere non-injury or non-violence.

Buddhist Scriptures - Tripitakas:

Buddha's teachings were not written during his lifetime. After his death, the disciples met at Rajagriha and compiled the Master's sayings and cermons. They were arranged in 2 parts, Sutta and Vinaya. The 3rd part Abhidhamma was added during the 3rd Buddhist council held at Pataliputra during the time of Ashoka. Sutta contains religious discourses and sayings of Buddha. Vinaya contains rules of monastic discipline and Abhidhamma contains metaphysical discussion on various subjects and gives the philosophy of Buddhism.

All these three parts are collectively called tripitakas. Pitika is a pali word, it is the corrupted form of the Sanskrit word, Peetika, meaning a basket. Tripitakas are written in Pali language.

The 4 Buddhist Councils:

• First Council - Rajagriha - Compilationof 2 parts of tripitaka.
• Second Council - Vaisali - 100 years after the death of Gautama Buddha.
• Third Council - Pataliputra - during the reign of Ashoka, Abhidamma was added.
• Fourth Council - Kashmir - during the reign of Kanishka.

The third council was presided by Mogaliputta Tissa.

The fourth council was held under the leadership of Vasumitra and Asvaghosha.

Schisms in Buddhist Church:

Buddhist sangha was divided into 2 schools, namely Mahayana and Hinayana. Hinayana, which means 'lesser vehicle' was the creed originally preached by Gautama Buddha. Mahayanic Buddhism is more akin to puranic Hinduism. A great exponent of Mahayana sect was Nagarjuna.

Spread of Buddhism:

Unlike Jainism, Buddhism had spread to other parts of the world. In the beginning, it was confined to Bihar and along the borders of Nepal. During Ashoka's time, Buddhism spreaded all over India and to foreign countries also. With the revival of Hinduism under the Guptas, Buddhism had practically disappeared from the land of its birth. At present around 1/3rd of World's population follow Buddhism. It is popular in China, Japan, Kampuchea, Vietnam, Srilanka and Thailand.